The study area with 56 20-57 longtitude and 29 20-30 latitude is located in 16 km of southern of bardsir city. This region from geological point of view is located in Euromie–Dokhtar magmatism zone. The Lalezar fault is one of effective structure in Euromieh–Dokhtar magmatism zone. In order to Lalehzar fault activity, we studied the Morphotectonic observation. Lalehzar fault with 84 km length is comperssional fault system with strike slip component.There is a limitation of registered seismic activity along the Lalehzar fault, so in order to know the movements that accour along it, we studied Morphotectonic evidences such as: waterway deviations form, pressure ridges, shutter ridges, waterway clogging, rivers long straight-line, springs and teravertine bedding, uplift and so on.This study shows that there are some uplift and strike slip movments with left lateral component along the Lalezar fault. These types of activity is more effective in centeral part of the fault.

Chamshir area is located in southern Kohgiluyeh-Bovirahmad province, namely to the southeast of Gachsaran city. A dam has been planned to be built on Zohreh river, which is flowing through this area. For this purpose Morphotectonic and debit investigations in the upper and lower part of the dam have been carried out. These showed that the most important structures of the area are the thrust and normal faults, which are responsible for the loss of water in the 200 m upper part and in the 1500 m lower part of the dam.

Alluvial rivers react quickly and consistently to active tectonic deformation and by studying the relation of river with tectonics; the recent activity can be shown. Geomorphological analyses allow the study of modifications that affect river basins, particularly modifications due to active tectonics, and investigate the Morphotectonic evidence of the area such as, bisected alluvial fans deflected streams basin and cut Quaternary deposits. Morphometric Indices are useful to analyze the influence of active tectonics in large areas. Considering that the study area is extensive and has numerous rivers and main faults, the study of Morphometric Indices is useful. The aim of this paper is to extract information on tectonic activity and landscape evolution of the study area. This study focuses on the Morphotectonic Indices of the west Alborz and includes three principle streams the polrud, safarud and chalkrud. The study area is located in the west Alborz. Alborz, a part of Himalaya-Alp mountain range, has formed by convergence between Iranian microplate and Eurasia since Triassic Period and it is divided into West, Central and East Alborz. The study area comprised of a series of active faults and the mostly faults are reverse and thrust type with few normal faults. Main faults of study area include Khazar fault, samamus fault, kashachal fault, soheil fault, deylaman fault, zarinraje fault, lahijan fault. The DEM data of 30 m have been used to generate the drainage basins of all the catchments. The seven Indices: Hierarchical anomalies (Δ a), Bifurcation (R), Drainage density (Dd), Stream length– gradient index (SL) Form factor (Ff), Relative relief (Bh), and hypermetric integral (Hi) for each subbasin were measured and a unit index obtained as index of active tectonics (Iat). Afterwards the relationship between Indices with Morphotectonic characteristics and active faults of the area was investigated. In this study we use of survey satellite image1: 100, 000 geological maps of Geological Survey of Iran, digital elevation model. The field observations show that this study area has been active tectonic and the Basin morphometric Indices to evaluate the active tectonic activity of river basins. In order to evaluate the active tectonic seven morphometric Indices were used as follow: Hierarchical anomalies (Δ a), Bifurcation (R), Drainage density (Dd), Stream length– gradient index (SL) Form factor (Ff), Relative relief (Bh), and hypermetric integral (Hi) and finally tectonic activity Index (Iat) was measured in 38 sub basins in the study area. Anomalies of the stream length gradient are associated with the faults Including Khazar fault, samamus fault, noosha fault, soheil fault. The drastic increase in SL occurs at the subbasin 35 related to kashachal fault. The High hypsometric integral and convex hypsometric curves indicate younger stage of landscapes and relate to neotectonic rejuvenation. The hypsometric Integral (Hi) index is calculated in range between 0 and 0. 6, high values of the hypsometric integral are convex, and these values are generally greater than 0. 35. The results of our study indicate that the highest mean value of Hi in subbasin 35 has undergone the highest intensity of neotectonic activity of kashachal fault. By using relative tectonic activity Index (Iat) the area was divided into 4 classes of tectonic activites as very high, high, medium and low. In the study area, about two thirds of the total area, Iat is classified as 1, meaning high to very high active tectonics In this research Various geomorphic features and landforms were observed in the study area where fault scarps Ø Œ unpaired terracesØ ŒV-shape valleys. Triangular facets, hanging valleys, deformed alluvial fan deposits, and deep gorges incised near mountain fronts exist. Results obtained show that central and south portion has the highest rate of tectonic activity and moderate relative tectonic activities level, has been found in the Nw and Sw part of the study area. While in the northern parts of the coast the value of this indicator is very low and tectonic activity is low. The results indicate the recent tectonic activity by movements of several faults such as Khazar fault, samamus fault, noosha fault, soheil fault, deylaman fault, zarinraje fault and lahijan fault of the study area.

Darparchin watershed is one of the Bidvaz river sub-basins and it is located in northeast Iran. Apparent morphology, fault scarps, and debris indicate influence of tectonic structures like faults on the watershed development. Owing to vicinity with residential and industrial areas (such as Esferayen city and Bidvaz dam) and basin arrangement purposes, knowing about the impact of tectonic structures to this basin is necessary. For this aim longitudinal and logarithmic profiles of the basin, and its Morphotectonic Indices, vf, AF, s, and lat were obtained, and Gravelius impact factor for each of them has been identified. The postulation of profiles showed a lack of harmony as in most parts the longitudinal profile is above another one. This repugnancy is consistent with faults orientation. The vf index in 19 stations was measured with an average value of 0. 7859. Based on this index faults are active and they caused tight (V-shaped) valleys in the basin. Results of AF index in this basin showed a compaction on right side of the basin because of the faults pressure from north direction to this part of basin. Also results from Gravelius factor announced that the basin stretched and continued to trend NW-SE by reason of faults direction. In field studies various types of karst forms such as karrens, ponor, dolines, and karstic valleys were observed, which were related to faults with perpendicular direction to stretched valleys.

Gelian anticline is located at south of Shirvan in North Khorasan Province, and geologically considered as a is part of Aladagh-Binaloud construction zone. The aim of this research is to evaluate the active tectonics of Gelian anticline based on geo-morphological Indices. The purpose of this study is evaluating the active tectonics of Gelian anticline by using geo-morphologic Indices. For achieving the above said objective, the required data were extracted from 1/100000 geological map and 1/50000 topographic maps as well as from Quickbird satellite images. Also, the field studies of Geo-morphological landforms and processes were made. Required data for calculation of ” K Indices, triangular facets, wine-glass valleys, mountain front sinuosity, and stream spacing ratio(R) were extracted after importing into ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) software and the under study anticline was divided into 3 tectonic zones based on height, width and slope.Results of this study reveal that the rates of K, W (maximum width of wine-glass valley divided by width of wine-glass valley in outlet), R, slope, base length and area of triangular facets in zone 1 are higher than those of other zones. The values of mountain front sinuosity in 3 zones are about one. Generally, the evaluation of geo-morphological Indices represent firstly, that Gelian anticline is tectonically active and secondly, that the rate of tectonic activity increases from southeast to northwest.

One of the most important natural hazards that reduce the safety of railways are those caused by slopes and landslides, which annually cause injuries and fatalities, thus identifying areas with potential risk can prevent such incidents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Lorestan railway region in terms of tectonic activity and the impact of these activities on the creation and intensification of landslide movements in this region. We used seven significant morphometric Indices for this evaluation: stream length gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry(Af), Transverse topographic symmetry factor(T), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basin shape (Bs), and v ratio index. The combined analyzed Indices represented the relatively active tectonics (Iat). Landslides were also identified by satellite imagery, topographic and geological maps, and field survey. In the next step, the method of analysis of variance was used to establish a quantitative relationship between the observed landslides and tectonic Indices in the sub-basins. Due to the lack of homogeneity of the Indices, its value standardized with Z scale and for communication between the indicator and field observations, the linear regression model was calculated. the results showed that the study area is young in terms of neotectonic activity, but the activity level is not the same in all places, so that basins number 12, 3 and 1 have the highest activity in terms of tectonic and in basins number 13, 11, 10 and 9, there is relatively little activity. The maximum landslide occurrences around the railways are observed in basins 12 and 5. And according to field observations, more than 80 percent of the total landslide in the area between the Drood to the Tang-7 station is in the range of high tectonic activity, which indicates the relationship between tectonic activity and landslide frequency in this region.

The main goal of tectonic geomorphology is investigation of landscapes in tectonically active areas by numerical mathematical relationships which are named tectonic geomorphology Indices. Investigation of 21 major and minor drainage basins of the Alborz mountain range by using 3D Indices shows:1) The left crest lines of the drainage basins which their strikes are between N 45 E and N 45 W, have been uplifted.2) The right crests lines of the drainage basins which their strikes are between N 45 E and E-W, have been uplifted.Therefore, it is believed that N 45 E direction can be the recent main stress on the Alborz mountain range. The recent main stress, such as a force on domino plates, causes the basements of the drainage basins to be uplifted or subsided in a special order that depend on their strikes.

The only geologic evidence of the neotectonic activity of the Torud region is its seismisity which assumed to be related to the Torud seismogenic fault. This fault has been overlain by the Quaternary alluvium in the major part of its length. Therefore, the study of Morphotectonical characteristics of the region gives more evidences about its activity. Calculation of three Morphotectonic Indices including stream length - gradient (SL) and ratio of valley - floor width to valley height (Vf) of stream channels and mountain ITont sinuosity (Smf) shows high SL values (425-1044) and low Vf (2.68-3.34) and Smf (1.05-1.44) values and indicate that the region has activity specially at two parts: central part (near the mountain front) and northwestern part (near the main divide of the Torud mountains) and therefore the tectonic activity class of the region can be number I. The activity of the central part can be due to the movements of the Torud fault. The activity of the northwestern part is the result of the uplift of the region which is related to the at least one fault parallel with the Torud fault that has formed the relic mountain fronts at recent past. The distribution of strain of this activity shows the progressive deformation from north northwest to south southeast and from west to east.

Folded and faulted Kopeh Dagh-Binalud belt in the northeast of Iran is a part of Eurasia and southern margin of Touran plate. What is now observed is the result of the latest Phase of Alpine folding. The morphology of the area is in early stage and its young folds express direct relevance between topography and geological structures. In order to evaluate uplift and distribution of compressional forces, stream- gradient (SL) and hypsometric (HI) analyses were carried out for 85 subbasins and 98 rivers of the major basins of the area (Atrakrud, Kashafrud, Jajarm, Gorganrud and Tourkamanestan plain rivers). Integration of the morphometric maps of SL and HI illustrates clearly the tectonic anomalies. Five highly uplifted Morphotectonic zones were identified based on the Morphotectonic Indices as follows:1) The middle part of Ashkabad Fault between geographical coordinates of: 56 47 E, 38 35 N to 57 34 E, 37 56N.2) Gorganrud's sub-basins particularly located between Shavard fault (in the south) and eastern part of the Khazar fault (in the north).3) Basins associated with Nokhandan, Qareh –Dagh, Sorkhdeh and Amrudak Faults.4) Basins associated with Shogan and Gelli Faults are the Jajarm subbasins.5) The northern foothill basins of Binalud Mountain compared with the southern foothill basins, show remarkable higher uplifting and shortening which seem to be related to the Binaloud and North Neyshabur fault.In addition to high uplifted zones, some intermediate – low uplifted zones such as west - southwest part of Sarakhs, southern foothill subbasins of Atrakrud (associated with Takalkuh Fault and Ashkhaneh fault zone), Jajarm's subbasin in the eastern part of Aladagh Mountain were recognized.

Morphotectonics is a science that determines the effect of active tectonics by using geomorphic indicators as a measurement and quantitative description of landforms and landscapes. Morphotectonics provides quantitative measurements that can be used to identify areas with active tectonics. In this study, using quantitative morphometric Indices obtained from Morphotectonic studies, a part of Central Alborz (Marzanebad and Taleghan cities) has been studied and five hierarchical anomaly Indices (a∆), branching index (R), Basin shape (Ff), drainage density (Dd) and roughness coefficient (Bh) were calculated in 19 drainage sub-basins. In these areas, each of these Indices is classified into five groups: very high, high, medium, low and very low, and finally the relative active tectonic index (Iat) is obtained. Based on the results of this study, the Caspian, North Alborz, Dozdben and Kandovan and North Taleghan fault basins are in very high and high groups, which indicates the impact of these faults on the active tectonics of the region. Due to these high values, it is expected that the seismic risk of the region will increase due to fault rupture. The density of recent earthquakes in the region confirms this.